either beautiful and distant, simply distant, or simply simple'. Catherine Stimpson, a scholar of English and feminism, wrote that Tolkien's women were 'hackneyed. The Lord of the Rings has repeatedly been discussed as being a story about men for boys, with no significant women characters there are 11 women in the work, some of them mentioned only briefly. Roles for women A story about men for boys While defending the role of women in The Lord of the Rings, the scholar of children's literature Melissa Hatcher wrote that 'Tolkien himself, in reality, probably was the stodgy sexist Oxford professor that feminist scholars paint him out to be'. Such lands were pre-eminently desirable.' ДЄs seen in a letter to his son Michael Tolkien, he held conservative views about women, stating that men were active in their professions while women were inclined to domestic life. But the land of Merlin and Arthur was better than these, and best of all the nameless North of Sigurd and the Volsungs, and the prince of all dragons. , and strange languages, and glimpses of an archaic way of life, and, above all, forests in such stories. Red Indians were better: there were bows and arrows. In On Fairy Stories, Tolkien wrote that ' Treasure Island left me cool. On Buchan's influence, Nelson writes that Greenmantle tells 'of desperate chances and plentiful good luck, of cross-country pursuit and massive battles. The scholar of English literature Dale Nelson notes that Tolkien 'was evidently spontaneously moved by mythopoeic and straightforward adventure romance' as in Haggard's books. Tolkien stated in an interview that Haggard's novel She was his favourite. ДЄmong Tolkien's influences, he stated that he enjoyed reading boy's adventure stories, such as those by H. At Oxford, he created an all-male literary group with another Oxford professor of English, C. After the war he became a professor of English Language at the University of Leeds, and then at the University of Oxford, where he taught at Pembroke College. He joined the British Army's Lancashire Fusiliers and saw the horror of trench warfare, with life as an officer made more bearable by the support of a male batman or servant. He was brought up by his guardian, a Catholic priest, Father Francis Morgan, and educated at boys' grammar schools and then Exeter College, Oxford, which at that time had only male students. Tolkien, was orphaned as a boy, his father dying in South Africa and his mother in England a few years later. The author of the bestselling fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings, J. Secluded male environment: Pembroke College's Old Quad, where Tolkien had his teaching rooms Tolkien stated that the Hobbit woman Rosie Cotton is 'absolutely essential' to understanding the hero Sam's character, and the relation of ordinary life to heroism. On the other hand, commentators have noted that the Elf-queen Galadriel is powerful and wise Г‰owyn, noblewoman of Rohan, is extraordinarily courageous, killing the leader of the NazgГ»l the Elf Arwen, who chooses mortality to be with Aragorn, the man she loves, is central to the book's theme of death and immortality and that other female figures like the monstrous spider Shelob and the wise-woman of Gondor, Ioreth, play important roles in the narrative. Much of the action in The Lord of the Rings is by male characters, and the nine-person Fellowship of the Ring is entirely male. Tolkien spent much of his life in an all-male environment, and had conservative views about women, prompting discussion of possible sexism. Weronika ЕЃaszkiewicz has written that 'Tolkien's heroines have been both praised and severely criticized', and that his fictional women have an ambiguous image, of 'both passivity and empowerment'. Meanwhile, other commentators have noted the empowerment of the three major women characters, Galadriel, Г‰owyn, and Arwen, and provided in-depth analysis of their roles within the narrative of The Lord of the Rings. The roles of women in The Lord of the Rings have often been assessed as insignificant, or important only in relation to male characters in a story about men for boys. Arwen sewing Aragorn's banner, by Anna Kulisz, 2015, inspired by Edmund Leighton's 1911 Stitching the Standard

Some commentators describe Tolkien as placing women only in background roles while the male protagonists see all the action.

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